Israel has said such measures are necessary for security. 5:1617). This was the cause for the frequent wars between the two kingdoms. These ostraca reflect the internal confusion among the administrators, army, and courtiers, and illustrate the emergency situation within Judah. We also pride in our friendly staff with proper training and qualifications to serve our diverse pool of guests. The Assyrian army entered Judah, destroyed its cities, distributing them among the Philistine kings, and exiled many of the people. Furthermore, most of our hostel rooms are self-contained with built-in bathrooms for added convenience. ensured himself against Aram-Damascus' intervention and succeeded in recapturing the territories lost during Jeroboam's time, from Judah, which was now ruled by *Asa (908867 b.c.e.). In the field of internal organization David concentrated his activities on the establishment of an administrative apparatus suitable for the needs of the kingdom. Between the ninth and seventh centuries B.C., the Assyrian Empire, originally from the region that is now northern Iraq, grew in size and conquered an 1519), which was joined by other tribal elements. They set up fortress cities like Gaza and Ashkelon, which then established their control over the farmland and villages around them. A late source (ii Chron. Still, he did not entirely succeed in preventing the resentment and dissatisfaction of a tribal spirit opposed to the interests of the centralized monarchy, which, by their nature, undermined tribal individualism and the authority of tribal institutions. In Baasha's time, too, there was a diminution of earlier achievements as a result of his defeats. Russias Federal Security Service arrested Gershkovich in Yekaterinburg, Russias fourth-largest city, on March 29. became king, his position being confirmed by the Assyrian ruler. ), who reigned during the rule of the last great Assyrian kings. The violence between Israel and Hamas is just the latest flare-up in a region of enduring and deadly conflicts. Do you get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside? Thus Solomon's reign is peaceful until he builds altars to foreign gods under the influence of his foreign wives (chapter 11). David follow the Ten The renewed battle between Aram and Israel took place near Ramoth-Gilead, which appears to have been an area contested by the two sides. This is yet another indication of Israel's renewed military capability, which also displayed itself in Jehoash's war against Amaziah, king of Judah, in which he defeated Amaziah's armies and reached Jerusalem. It may be that this act was interpreted as a blow to the Temple, thereby opening a wedge for activities against the king. To this end, he made use of the ancient cultic centers at the ends of his kingdom, *Beth-El and *Dan. Omissions? With the accession of his brother *Jehoram (851/0842 b.c.e.) Its a question. According to the Bible, a vast territory fell to David Transjordan and the Aramean kingdoms, including the valley of Lebanon. Judah controlled Edom and the Shephelah. As it appears from Assyrian sources and biblical references (ii Kings 15:29), he may have reached as far as Ashkelon. MOAB (Heb. Despite the negative opinion displayed toward Jeroboam in the Bible, it is becoming increasingly clear that his actions were based on an earlier northern Israelite priestly tradition, not in any way connected with abandonment of the worship of Yahweh. Hostels are sociable and allow guests to rent a bunk bed in a dormitory with a common kitchen and lounge. Israeli troops completed their withdrawal from Gaza on January 21, 2009, following a military campaign against the Palestinian territory's Hamas rulers. After they recruited reinforcements from across the river they met David in battle and were routed this time (ii Sam. Israeli troops fire mortar shells toward Egyptian military positions on the Suez front in 1970. The assertion of authority over Philistia and the Arabian tribes must be understood in the framework of the attempts to reestablish Judah as a commercial power (ii Chron. Nonetheless, the rise of the Davidic kingdom, like the other small Levantine kingdoms, was enabled by the decline of the two traditional centers of power of the ancient Near East, Egypt and Mesopotamia. (Oded What was the outcome: Israel and Egypt agreed to a three-month ceasefire, and negotiations under a United Nations mediator. He wisely established friendly relations that were reinforced by treaties with the kingdoms of Hamath and *Tyre. The common areas allow visitors to meet new people and make new friends. What was the outcome: In 1973, the United Nations passed a resolution calling for a cease-fire and talks aimed at peace in the region. Added to all of this was no doubt dissatisfaction with the activities of the king's wife, *Athaliah daughter of Ahab, who had been accustomed to Phoenician cultic practices in her home and worked at introducing into Judah these practices as well as the mode of life customary in the court of Israel. He also turned to eastern Transjordan in order to establish his rule over Ammon and Moab, which were endangering Israelite settlements there and controlled long stretches of the international "King's Highway." With the death of Tiglath-Pileser iii, widespread revolt broke out in Syria and Palestine. One theory based on the Samaria ostraca holds that the tax was collected in the form of agricultural products. A siege was laid upon Jerusalem. The literary problems are complex. The latter had restored independence to Aram with the help of his ally, the king of Israel. 7; 712) after a rally at Mizpah, a city built by the later King Asa (i Kings 15:22; Na'aman 1994). Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. ; ii Chron. This subjugation to Assyria continued during the reign of *Manasseh son of Hezekiah (698642 b.c.e. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Among the cities he refortified, according to the Bible, was Jericho. (By means of a midrash on ii Kings 12:3, the writer of ii Chronicles 24:2ff. Moab Israel carried out airstrikes targeting militants in Gaza and sent troops into Gaza. A stele discovered at Tel Rimah (Cogan and Tadmor, 335) mentions Jehoash (Joash) of Samaria, the son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel (800784 b.c.e. Its popular for its cleanliness. These included the finding of a Torah scroll (see *Deuteronomy), the forming of a new covenant between the nation and its God, and the celebration of Passover in the capital. The attack led to a U.S.-brokered cease-fire between Israel, the PLO and Syria, which had troops in Lebanon. It is possible that Jehoahaz was subjugated by the Assyrian king, paying him, like Jehu before him, a levy during the time he was in the vicinity of Damascus. Jerusalem prepared for revolt. Zimri was killed by *Omri, with part of the nation backing *Tibni son of Ginath. Along with this, feelings of discrimination began to grow among the northern tribes, especially Ephraim. They helped protect the border settlements and lived off the contributions earned from those thus protected. The fighting stopped in early August 1970. ." In 733732 the Assyrians besieged Damascus and captured it, making it the center of an Assyrian province. The hostel is safe and has friendly staff. PLO terrorists hijacked a bus on Israel's Coastal Highway near Tel Aviv on March 11, 1978. Who was fighting: Israel invaded Lebanon. ; "paternal uncle"), son of *Omri and king of Israel (i Kings 16:2922:40). 26:67). Palestinian and Israeli officials condemned the killing. The new Assyrian king, *Shalmaneser v, punished the rebels by means of a military campaign. The Bible attributes Uzziah's severe skin disease to his attempts to secure special privileges for himself in the Temple service (ii Chron. It even appears that the years given as Uzziah's period of rule include a few years from the reign of Ahaz, his grandson. His acts also brought about the collapse of the administrative system in Israel, which until that time had been based upon Davidic loyalists. What are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes? He was swept aloft by the wave of popular rebellion, supported by the army, circles of prophets, and dissatisfied elements among the populace. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the growing foreign influences upon Judah (ii Kings 16:34, 1018; ii Chron. Baasha penetrated almost as far as Jerusalem, posing the serious danger of isolation to the capital of Judah. 5:10) in Transjordan, it is possible to conclude that Saul tried to attract the Israelite tribes in Transjordan by protecting them. In this war the Philistine armies penetrated the mountain area, with the Canaanite fortifications in the valley serving as their rear and support. The stability and prosperity began to be felt when *Ahab son of Omri started his reign; he added to the achievements of his father. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. How much if any control David excercised over the Philistines is debatable. This opposition gathered strength as a result of Jehoram's failures on the field of battle. Its first capital was Shechem. These biblical data are probably connected with the anti-Assyrian war preparations which occupied the region due to the penetration of *Tiglath-Pileser iii into Syria. You may also meet your travel partner at our hostel. i Kings 2:39 has been taken to show that there was an extradition treaty between Israel and Gath. Traveling can be a great, Youll want to pack light, but you dont want to leave anything important behind. Corrections? (For a discussion of this issue, see Japhet, 10004.) Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Babylonian army penetrated the land and began to destroy its fortifications (589). Indeed, this biblical account of a vast Davidic empire inherited by Solomon seems unsubstantiated archaeologically, and would appear to be greatly exaggerated. According to Chronicles, Amaziah initially engaged a troop of mercenaries from Israel, but, not wanting to arouse new internal resistance, then gave them up and fought Edom by his own means. 17) while the soldiers from both sides watched the contest between them. We also offer discounts and other great promotions from time to time. and penetration into Philistia, it was clear that Babylonia was the dominant force in the Near East. Other hostels in Lombardy include Combo Milano, Milano Ostello, Hostel Colours, Central Hostel BG, Ostello del Castello Tirano, Milan Hotel, and Ostello La Goliarda. Elijah attacked the king, Jezebel, and the Baal prophets, who had attained a foothold in Israel (i Kings 18:1845). It is not necessary to suppose, as do some scholars, that David built his administration according to foreign prototypes (Fox, 914). 26:2). We also organize various fun activities for our guests. 16:15). Baasha had to withdraw from Judah in order to protect his own kingdom from Aram. Ahaziah, who reigned after his father's death (843842 b.c.e. Encyclopedia.com. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Defense Minister Ehud Barak met with Middle East envoy Tony Blair in Tel Aviv. Toward the end of his reign, Jehu suffered another defeat when the Aramean army marched through Israel and reached the borders of Judah. The internal dissension and rebelliousness did not topple Solomon's throne but broke out in full force after his death. 15). Even the kingdom of Israel, encouraged by Egypt (ii Kings 17:4), joined in the revolt. As of the time of David the Philistines were confined to a strip on the southwest of the Mediterranean coast (Ehrlich). 28:34, 2125). ; 10:5f. Asa utilized the lull in the fighting to fortify his northern boundary by means of the total conscription of the inhabitants of Judah. It appears to have been difficult to maintain, at one and the same time, a kingdom based on a developed administration with all the royal needs and separatist tendencies widespread among the tribes, who wished to maintain a large degree of independence. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The capital was fortified, and the *Siloam tunnel was built to bring the water of the Gihon within her walls in time of emergency. The Soviet Union airlifted supplies to the Arab combatants, while the United States provided aid to Israel. He is said to have formed a cadre of royal merchants with a fleet that sailed great distances. The division inherent in the weak tribal organization that led to defeat in the Israelites' confrontation with well-organized forces which functioned on the principle of centralization encouraged a disposition to exchange the traditional leadership of the elders, and even the charismatic leadership of the judges, for a stronger leadership which on the one hand would embody the qualities of a leader who rallied the tribes, and on the other convert his leadership into a permanent institution. Israeli strikes targeted the Hamas-run Interior Ministry in late December. In his time Ammon was brought under Judah's rule (ii Chron. They had before them the example of Hezekiah who had tried to unite the nation and deepen its national and religious awareness by purifying the cult and repairing the Temple. The unchanged economic interests of Aram made it necessary to hold the territory east of the Jordan as an economic hinterland for its caravan routes and agricultural products. In this incident David was able to extricate himself from the rebellion with the help of those loyal to him and supporters in his own tribe. ), the only one to have escaped death at the hands of his grandmother, was made king of Judah. 2:9). The biblical sources indicate that along with the national and spiritual activities of Josiah, there was also a territorial expansion into the former kingdom of Israel from which Assyria had retreated. With *Nebuchadnezzar's defeat of Neco (605 b.c.e.) Rehoboam's expansionist aims were advanced by his son *Abijah (911908 b.c.e. His selection was no doubt related to his military leadership exhibited in the liberation of Jabesh-Gilead, a city with blood and family ties to Benjamin, Saul's own tribe. In addition, Ahab enjoyed considerable success in his battles against Assyria and Aram-Damascus; these battles had taken on considerable importance by the end of his reign. He surrounded Egypt's Third Army and, defying orders, led 200 tanks and 5,000 men over the Suez Canal, a turning point. What was the outcome: Hezbollah, a fundamentalist Shiite Muslim militant group, emerged as a force in Beirut, the Bekaa Valley and southern Lebanon. At a minimum the Philistines had to relinquish their inland holdings, ending an era of expansion. The new capital stood at the very heart of the kingdom, yet because it was outside the Israelite territory it did not serve as a focal point of strife among the tribes or lead to charges of favoritism. It is not unreasonable to assume that a good portion of the building and other activities ascribed to the father was actually accomplished by the son. The new king sought to allay tensions by not touching the descendants of his father's murderers, though he did avenge himself against the murderers themselves. This viewpoint finds expression in biblical *historiography. ended in his assassination at the hands of *Shallum son of Jabesh (i.e., from Jabesh-Gilead). Exact identification of Zerah is lacking and the numbers of his forces are fantastic, but there may be some historical core behind the report (Japhet, 70913). The account that Ahaz ordered the construction of a Syrian style altar in the Jerusalem temple is not itself condemnatory but is now embedded in a hostile narrative. The district over which they ranged was south of Judah and probably extended into northern Arabia. It is instructive that despite the Aramean defeat Ahab entered into a treaty with Ben-Hadad, whose terms were especially lenient: certain cities were returned to Israel and she received commercial concessions in Damascus. What happened: In Israel's War for Independence, known as the Arab-Israeli War, Egypt gained control of Gaza. For this reason Eshbaal (*Ish-Bosheth), the son of Saul, was able to reign only in Gilead a region that kept faith with the line of their benefactor. In place of the cruel and destructive Pekah son of Remaliah, who brought disaster to the kingdom, *Hoshea son of Elah (733/2724/3 b.c.e.) Jerusalem was placed under siege at around that time. ), was influenced by his mother Athaliah. ." Many cities in the kingdom were developed and fortified. The purification of the cult from foreign and popular native elements (ii Chron. What was the outcome: Israel and Egypt agreed to a three-month ceasefire, and negotiations under a United Nations mediator. There are no formal Bilateral relations between the government of Israel and the Republic of Niger. Sponsored by Iran, modeled after Iran's Revolutionary Guards and supported by Syria, Hezbollah aims to establish a Shiite Islamic state in Lebanon and force out Western interests like Israel and the United States. Diplomatic relations between the countries were active On September 11, 2005, the Israeli flag was lowered over Gaza, marking the end of 38 years of Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territory. The hostel is organized, clean and gives value for money. An injured Palestinian is helped from the rubble following an Israeli missile strike in Gaza on December 27, 2008. Who was fighting: Israel attacked Hamas targets in Gaza. 8:18; 21:235; 23:2439). He was murdered, however, by conspirators from among Judah's former officialdom, who were encouraged by outside forces. It is difficult to determine what model was used to lay the foundation for the Israelite administration at the beginning of David's reign. In pursuing this goal David conquered foreign enclaves along the seacoast and in the fertile Jezreel and Beth-Shean valleys. They had retreated to the coast of present day southern Israel (south of the Phoenicians) after being defeated by the Egyptians. What time does normal church end on Sunday? It may be assumed that the efforts made by the king of Israel to improve relations with the kingdom of Judah were made out of his desire to establish an anti-Aramean alliance on the one hand, and to get Judah to join the Tyre-Samarian axis on the other. It seems that the administration inherited from Saul was not developed and was not on a much higher plane than the traditional tribal institutions. 9:16); the people's wish for a king is a rejection of Yahweh motivated by the people's desire to be "like all the nations" (i Sam. However, the date of retrieval is often important. He even resisted the pressures of prophets led by Jeremiah, as well as of some of his courtiers, who feared the fate Judah might suffer because of its rebellious activities against Babylonia. In the south was established a small kingdom, including the territories of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin, which appears to have broken its connection with the tribes of Israel even during the period of the united kingdom. 12 Apr. The highland of Moab extends southwar, REHOBOAM (Heb. What was the outcome: Israel fought with Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon, which invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate after the announcement of an independent Israeli state on May 14, 1948. Assyrian inscriptions from Sargon's time mention Judah's submission. The treaty with *Hiram, king of Tyre, was particularly important because of the economic advantages flowing from connection with this maritime-commercial power. A protracted period of nonintervention on the part of Assyria in Syrian affairs, which occurred after Jehoash's time, had a positive influence upon the policies of the region's countries, including Israel and Judah. WebIsrael-Niger relations. Some scholars see in this an abandonment of the hope of annexing Israel, which had been current in Judah since the division. A similar fate befell the non-Israelite population of Galilee. It appears that he was unable to conquer the whole of Edom. Jehoshaphat devoted much attention to internal policy. Webby Edward L. Ayers. What happened: After months of increased rocket attacks from Gaza, Israel retaliated with a series of "surgical" airstrikes against militant organizations in Gaza. Israeli President Shimon Peres rejected international calls for a cease-fire. With the removal of this major military obstacle, David was able to take the first step toward converting his kingdom into a united national state the creation of territorial continuity of all the tribes. Furthermore, natural disasters, added to the many wars, aggravated the dissatisfaction. During the battle with Assyria, or shortly thereafter, Mesha revolted against Ahab, and began to eradicate Israel's rule in Moab. In particular, Solomon cultivated ties with Hiram, king of Tyre, and Sidon. Nonetheless, complete dismissal of the biblical accounts is unwarranted given the large amount of material in i and ii Kings that preserves accurate information confirmed by outside sources (Halpern apud Long). This act did not pass without drastic opposition on the part of Adonijah and his followers. With the death of Josiah, Judah's last period of national prosperity came to an end. When fighting the Philistines who sought to take from Israel its territory in the lowlands he had also to deal with a rebellion led by *Baasha son of Ahijah of the tribe of Issachar. Elijah enjoyed wide support among the populace, which bitterly resented the penetration of foreign cults and indeed suffered because of the innovations brought about by the Phoenician way of life (see also *Naboth). Amalekite, member of an ancient nomadic tribe, or collection of tribes, described in the Old Testament as relentless enemies of Israel, even though they were Thus, he fulfilled the wishes of his supporters, but did not consider that in so doing he had also destroyed the political and economic bases of his kingdom by cutting, with one blow, the ties of Samaria with Phoenicia and Judah and upsetting the internal organization of his kingdom and its military capabilities. Two kingdoms January 21, 2009, following a military campaign purification of the administrative system in Israel 's (. 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